- Talent buying
- Selecting and contracting the artists on a bill against a budget, a routing window and a target audience. The talent buyer is the person who commits the largest single line of the budget, usually first.
- Offer and deal memo
- The written offer to an artist's agent and the short memo confirming the agreed terms — fee, date, set length, billing, radius, production and hospitality obligations — that precedes and governs the long-form contract.
- Guarantee, versus and door deal
- The three ways an artist gets paid. A guarantee is a fixed fee owed regardless of ticket sales — the promoter's risk in one number, and the dominant cost on a festival bill. A versus deal pays the greater of the guarantee or an agreed percentage of net box office, so the artist keeps downside protection and shares upside. A door deal pays purely from ticket revenue after expenses with no guarantee, common for developing acts and effectively unheard of for headliners.
- Backend and split point
- The share of revenue above an agreed threshold that goes to the artist. The split point is the gross at which the promoter has recouped costs and the backend begins — the number both sides negotiate hardest.
- Radius clause
- A contract term barring an artist from playing within a defined distance and time window around the festival. It protects the exclusivity a festival is selling and is a recurring source of antitrust criticism and artist complaint.
- Exclusivity window
- The period on either side of the event during which an artist, a sponsor category or a premiere is contractually locked to this festival. Distinct from radius, which is geographic.
- Routing
- Fitting a date into an artist's tour geography so travel time and cost work. A festival that falls off the route pays a premium or does not get the act at all.
- Hold and confirm
- A date is put on hold (first hold, second hold) while an offer is negotiated, then confirmed when both sides sign. Challenging a first hold forces the holder to confirm or release.
- Advance
- The pre-show process of reconciling every operational detail with the artist's tour manager and production manager — arrival, set times, power, backline, credentials, hospitality — usually two to four weeks out. A bad advance is where show-day chaos is born.
- Day sheet
- The one-page schedule issued each day of the event listing set times, load-ins, changeovers, weather, key contacts and site logistics. The single document everyone on site works from.
- Production and hospitality riders
- The two annexes to an artist contract. The production rider specifies stage, sound, lighting, video, power, backline, crew and stagehand requirements; the hospitality rider covers dressing rooms, catering, ground transport, security and guest list. Both are negotiating documents that get marked up, not wish lists to be accepted whole — and the hospitality rider is the part most often reported out of context.
- Tech pack
- The festival's own document sent to every artist and vendor describing the stages, systems, house consoles, patch, power, timings and site rules — the reverse of a rider, and the way a multi-stage festival stays standardised.
- Stage plot and input list
- The scaled diagram of where each performer, amplifier, riser and monitor sits on stage, paired with the numbered list of every microphone and line source with its channel, mic type and stand. Together they drive the patch, the monitor mix and how fast a changeover can happen, and they are what let a festival engineer prep an act they have never mixed.
- Load-in and load-out
- Getting trucks, gear and crew onto and off the site within a scheduled window. On a festival build the load-out is the compressed, expensive one, often overnight and under strict park or street-closure deadlines.
- Changeover
- The gap between acts when one band's gear comes off and the next goes on, usually on rolling risers. Changeover time is the hard constraint on how many acts a stage can hold in a day.
- Headliner, support and undercard
- The top-billed act, the direct support beneath it, and the undercard of earlier and smaller acts. Each tier has its own fee band, set length, production allowance and billing expectation.
- Billing hierarchy
- The negotiated order, line placement and relative font size of every name on the poster and the ad. It is a contractual term, not a design choice, and disputes over it are common and expensive.
- Title sponsor
- The brand whose name sits in or beside the event name and buys the top tier of visibility. The largest single sponsorship cheque and the one that most constrains what other categories can be sold.
- Category exclusivity
- A sponsor's contractual right to be the only brand of its type on site — one beer, one bank, one soft drink. It is what makes sponsorship worth a premium and what limits how many partners can be sold.
- Sponsorship activation
- What a sponsor actually builds and does on site beyond a logo — the lounge, the shade structure, the sampling, the photo moment. Activation spend is now typically a multiple of the rights fee itself.
- Activation footprint
- The physical square footage, power, water and placement a sponsor is granted on the site plan. Footprint negotiation competes directly with audience circulation and safety egress.
- Per-cap spend and F&B per cap
- Average spend per attendee per day across food, beverage, merchandise and upgrades, and the food-and-beverage slice of it specifically. F&B per cap is a function of menu mix, queue length, payment speed and heat as much as of price, which is why cashless payment and line-time telemetry are now standard. Per-cap is the metric that increasingly decides whether a festival is profitable.
- Merch split and venue cut
- The percentage of artist merchandise revenue retained by the venue or festival, sometimes with different rates for soft goods and hard goods. A long-running flashpoint, with a number of independent venues publicly moving to zero.
- VIP and platinum tiers
- Upgraded ticket products offering shade, seating, viewing platforms, dedicated bars and restrooms, or hosted experiences. The highest-margin ticket inventory and the main lever on average ticket price.
- Tiered on-sale
- Selling in ascending price bands — early bird, tier one, tier two — so early commitment is rewarded and the promoter gets cash and demand signal early.
- Presale code
- A limited-access code releasing inventory to a defined group — mailing list, card holder, artist fan club, local residents — before the public on-sale, used to seed demand and reward the list.
- Dynamic pricing
- Algorithmic price movement in response to live demand, including 'platinum' inventory. Efficient in theory, and the single biggest source of consumer anger in live music because the price a fan sees is not the price they were promised.
- All-in pricing and junk-fee disclosure
- Displaying the full price including all mandatory fees from the first screen rather than revealing them at checkout, and itemising what any fee is actually for. Now required in the United States for live-event ticketing under the FTC's rule on unfair or deceptive fees. It shifts competition from headline price to genuine value and forces a rethink of how service fees are structured and shared.
- Secondary market and scalping
- Resale of tickets above face value, whether on regulated exchanges or grey markets. It signals that primary pricing left money on the table, and it is the pressure that produced dynamic pricing, paperless ticketing and transfer limits.
- BOTS Act
- The Better Online Ticket Sales Act, the US federal law prohibiting the use of software to evade ticket purchase limits and access controls, and the resale of tickets known to have been acquired that way. Enforcement is an FTC matter.
- Refund policy and rain-or-shine
- The stated terms under which a ticket is or is not refundable. Most outdoor festivals sell rain-or-shine, meaning weather delays and partial programme changes do not trigger refunds — a term that must be disclosed plainly at purchase, not buried.
- Ticket insurance
- An optional per-ticket product covering a buyer who cannot attend for defined reasons. It generates ancillary revenue and reduces refund pressure, and its exclusions are the source of most complaints.
- Event cancellation insurance
- The policy covering a promoter's loss if the event cannot proceed — adverse weather, non-appearance, venue unavailability. Communicable disease is now broadly excluded, and outdoor weather cover has become materially more expensive and harder to place.
- Force majeure
- The contract clause suspending or excusing performance on defined extraordinary events. After 2020, festival and artist agreements name their triggers explicitly rather than relying on a boilerplate catch-all, and specify who bears deposits already paid.
- Capacity and occupant load
- The maximum number of people permitted in a space, set by the fire code and the authority having jurisdiction from egress width, area and use. It caps the ticket count before any commercial planning starts.
- Crowd management
- The discipline of designing and controlling density, flow and behaviour — barricade geometry, pit and front-of-stage design, density monitoring, choke-point elimination, spotters and show-stop authority. Distinct from security, which handles intent.
- Ingress and egress plan
- How the audience enters and leaves, including gate count and throughput, search and scan time, queue geometry, and the emergency egress capacity that has to remain clear in every direction at all times.
- ADA accommodation
- The accessibility provisions required at a public event — accessible routes on uneven or grass terrain, viewing platforms, companion seating, accessible restrooms and parking, effective communication and a published accessibility contact.
- Noise ordinance and curfew
- The municipal decibel limit measured at a defined point and the hard time by which amplified sound must stop. In Austin these are permit conditions with real teeth, and running past curfew risks the permit for the following year.
- Special event permit
- The city authorisation to hold an event on public property or with public impact, bundling street or park closure, sound, traffic control, fire, health and alcohol review. Austin routes this through the Austin Center for Events one-stop process, and its lead times are the schedule.
- Staffing ratios
- The number of security personnel, medical staff and crowd managers required per attendee, set by code, the authority having jurisdiction or the risk assessment. Understaffing is the most common finding after an incident.
- Waste diversion
- The share of event waste kept out of landfill through recycling, composting, reuse and vendor packaging rules. Increasingly a permit condition and a park-agreement term, not a marketing add-on.
- Artist settlement
- The post-show reconciliation with the artist's tour manager — box office count, expenses, taxes and withholdings, merch, and the final payment against the deal terms. It happens the same night, and disputes there are contract disputes.
- Public performance licensing
- The licences from ASCAP, BMI, SESAC and GMR that grant the right to perform copyrighted compositions publicly. Festivals and venues carry blanket licences; the obligation sits with the event, not the artist.
- Sync and stream rights
- Separate clearances needed to record, broadcast or stream a festival performance — master and publishing rights for each work, plus the artist's own consent. A livestream is a different rights deal from the live show and is negotiated separately.
- Credentials
- The layered access system — artist, crew, production, vendor, press, photo, VIP — that controls who reaches which part of the site. Photo passes are typically song-limited and rights-restricted, and drone operation requires separate FAA authorisation and almost always a specific waiver over people.